Clubs
A golfer can carry up to 14 clubs in their bag. Clubs are traditionally numbered, and the number refers to the angle (loft) of the club. The lower the number, the lower the angle allowing the ball to go further at a lower trajectory, and high numbers mean higher angles and the ball higher into the air.
Woods (Drivers) - These have a large head (sometimes made from wood) and are for long shots. They are less accurate than irons but hit the ball further. Woods have the lowest number and are usually used to hit off the tee or from the fairway on long holes.
Irons - Made out of metal with a more flat head, tend to be more accurate and allow more control over distance, spin and direction. Irons are numbered for their angle, but some specialised ones have names (eg. Wedge, Sand Wedge, Chipper). Irons are used for every location and shot, and especially helpful in the rough or when approaching the green.
Putters - Club with a flat face used to roll the ball, mostly used on the green, but sometimes from the fringe as well to roll the ball onto the green. To score well in golf you must be a good putter, although this is definitely a skill rather than a type of putter.